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Abstract: We are currently in the midst of a second quantum revolution. The first quantum revolution gave us new rules that govern physical reality. The second quantum revolution will take these rules and use them to develop new technologies, such as quantum computers, quantum communications, quantum sensors and quantum imagers, which outperform any classical device. In this review we discuss the principles upon which quantum technology is based, particularly quantum entanglement, and the tools required to develop it. We discuss a number of examples of research programs that could deliver quantum technologies in coming decades including: quantum information technology, quantum electromechanical systems, coherent quantum electronics, quantum optics and coherent matter technology.